Home › Asset managers › WILSHIRE MUTUAL FUNDS INC › 2023-2024 › Against the board
Two kinds of vote are listed: a board-sponsored proposal WILSHIRE MUTUAL FUNDS INC voted AGAINST or withheld on, and a shareholder proposal it voted FOR, with the board’s recommendation on it where the filings show one. A FOR vote on a proposal the board supported, or took no position on, is listed and labelled, but it is not a vote against the board. One row is one proposal at one meeting; “funds” is how many of the manager’s funds or accounts voted that way.
Everything Only shareholder proposals it backed
2,805 proposals.
| Company | Meeting | Proposal | Category | On the ballot from | Board recommended | WILSHIRE MUTUAL FUNDS INC voted | Funds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAUDI INVESTMENT BANK | December 21, 2023 | VOTING ON THE AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE (9) OF THE BANK'S BY-LAWS RELATING TO PREFERRED SHARES | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SAUDI INVESTMENT BANK | April 30, 2024 | RATIFY AUDITORS AND FIX THEIR REMUNERATION FOR Q1, Q2, Q3 AND ANNUAL STATEMENT OF FY 2024 | Audit-related | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SAVERS VALUE VILLAGE INC. | June 5, 2024 | Election of Directors: Aaron Rosen | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SCANDIC HOTELS GROUP AB | May 16, 2024 | APPROVE REMUNERATION REPORT | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SCANSOURCE INC. | January 25, 2024 | Election of Directors Peter C. Browning | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED (SCHLUMBERGER N.V.) | April 3, 2024 | Election of Directors Maria Mor��us Hanssen | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED (SCHLUMBERGER N.V.) | April 3, 2024 | Election of Directors Miguel Galuccio | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED (SCHLUMBERGER N.V.) | April 3, 2024 | Election of Directors Peter Coleman | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES INC. | January 30, 2024 | To approve the Radius Recycling, Inc. 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SCHOLASTIC CORP. | September 20, 2023 | Election of Directors: James W. Barge | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SCREEN HOLDINGS CO.,LTD. | June 21, 2024 | Appoint a Corporate Auditor Tomonaga, Masao | Audit-related | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEABOARD CORP. | April 22, 2024 | Election of Directors: David A. Adamsen | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SEACOAST BANKING CORPORATION OF FLORIDA | May 21, 2024 | Elect Directors: H. Gilbert Culbreth, Jr. | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS PLC | October 23, 2023 | Determine the Price Range for the Re-allotment of Treasury shares under Irish law | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS PLC | October 23, 2023 | Election of Directors Michael R. Cannon | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS PLC | October 23, 2023 | Election of Directors Robert A. Bruggeworth | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEALED AIR CORP. | May 23, 2024 | Approval, as an advisory vote, of Sealed Air's 2023 executive compensation | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEB SA | May 23, 2024 | APPOINTMENT OF FRANOOIS MIRALLIE AS A DIRECTOR | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEB SA | May 23, 2024 | APPROVAL OF THE REMUNERATION POLICY FOR THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER FOR THE 2024 FINANCIAL YEAR | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEB SA | May 23, 2024 | AUTHORIZATION TO BE GRANTED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE COMPANY TO BUY BACK ITS OWN SHARES | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEB SA | May 23, 2024 | REAPPOINTMENT OF VENELLE INVESTISSEMENT, REPRESENTED BY DAMARYS BRAIDA, AS A DIRECTOR | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SECTRA AB | September 7, 2023 | RESOLUTION REGARDING THE APPROVAL OF THE REMUNERATION REPORT | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEI INVESTMENTS CO. | May 29, 2024 | Election of Directors Carl A. Guarino | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEI INVESTMENTS CO. | May 29, 2024 | To approve the adoption of the 2024 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEI INVESTMENTS CO. | May 29, 2024 | To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of named executive officers. | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SELECT WATER SOLUTIONS INC. | May 8, 2024 | To approve of the Select Water Solutions, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEMRUSH HOLDINGS INC. | June 6, 2024 | Election of Directors: Mark Vranesh | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SERITAGE GROWTH PROPERTIES | June 5, 2024 | An advisory, non-binding resolution to approve the Company's executive compensation program for our named executive officers, as described in the proxy statement | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SERVICE CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL | May 7, 2024 | Election of Directors Alan R. Buckwalter | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SERVICE PROPERTIES TRUST | June 14, 2024 | Election of Trustees Robert E. Cramer | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SESA S.P.A | August 28, 2023 | AMEND COMPANY BYLAWS RE: ARTICLE 6 | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SESA S.P.A | August 28, 2023 | APPROVE REMUNERATION POLICY | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SESA S.P.A | August 28, 2023 | APPROVE SECOND SECTION OF THE REMUNERATION REPORT | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SESA S.P.A | August 28, 2023 | APPROVE STOCK GRANT PLAN 2024-2026 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SESA S.P.A | August 28, 2023 | AUTHORIZE BOARD TO INCREASE CAPITAL TO SERVICE STOCK GRANT PLAN 2024-2026 | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEVEN GROUP HOLDINGS LTD. | November 16, 2023 | RE-ELECTION OF MR CHRIS MACKAY AS A DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SEVEN WEST MEDIA LTD. | November 9, 2023 | RE-ELECTION OF MR MICHAEL ZIEGELAAR AS A DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHANGHAI CHICMAX COSMETIC COMPANY. LTD. | May 30, 2024 | TO CONSIDER AND APPROVE THE APPLICATION TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR CREDITS AND BORROWINGS AND PROVIDING GUARANTEES | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHANGHAI COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS BANK | June 21, 2024 | THE ELECTION OF THE DIRECTOR.:LEE CHING YEN STEPHEN,SHAREHOLDER NO.210 | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHANGHAI COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS BANK | June 21, 2024 | THE ELECTION OF THE INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR.:CHEN MU TSAI,SHAREHOLDER NO.M100997XXX | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO. | April 30, 2024 | Election of Directors Thomas A. Beckett | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHIFT4 PAYMENTS INC. | June 7, 2024 | Approval, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, of the compensation of the Company's named executive officers | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHIFT4 PAYMENTS INC. | June 7, 2024 | Election of Class I Directors: Jared Isaacman | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SHIGA BANK,LTD. | June 26, 2024 | Appoint a Director Kubota, Shinya | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHIGA BANK,LTD. | June 26, 2024 | Appoint a Director Takahashi, Shojiro | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOCKWAVE MEDICAL INC. | May 29, 2024 | To approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, the compensation that may be paid or become payable to Shockwave's named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the Merger. | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | ELECTION OF DIRECTOR: FIDJI SIMO | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | ELECTION OF DIRECTOR: GAIL GOODMAN | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | ELECTION OF DIRECTOR: PRASHANTH MAHENDRA-RAJAH | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | ELECTION OF DIRECTOR: ROBERT ASHE | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | NON-BINDING ADVISORY RESOLUTION THAT THE SHAREHOLDERS ACCEPT SHOPIFY INC.'S APPROACH TO EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION AS DISCLOSED IN THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR FOR THE MEETING. | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | RESOLUTION APPROVING ALL UNALLOCATED OPTIONS UNDER SHOPIFY INC.'S STOCK OPTION PLAN, AS DISCLOSED IN THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR FOR THE MEETING. | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHOPIFY INC. | June 4, 2024 | RESOLUTION APPROVING THE THIRD AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT OF SHOPIFY INC.'S LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN AND APPROVING ALL UNALLOCATED AWARDS UNDER THE LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN, AS AMENDED, AS DISCLOSED IN THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CIRCULAR FOR THE MEETING | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHORE BANCSHARES INC. | May 30, 2024 | Election of Directors Alan J. Hyatt | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | July 7, 2023 | APPROVAL FOR ACQUISITION OF SHARES OF THE COMPANY BY THE TRUST FOR THE PURPOSES OF SMEL - EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN 2023 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | July 7, 2023 | APPROVAL FOR GRANTING LOAN AND/ OR PROVIDING GUARANTEE OR SECURITY FOR PURCHASE OF SHARES OF THE COMPANY BY THE TRUST / TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE EMPLOYEES UNDER THE SMEL - EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN 2023 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | July 7, 2023 | APPROVAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMEL EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN - 2023 THROUGH TRUST ROUTE | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | July 7, 2023 | APPROVAL OF SMEL EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN - 2023 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | July 7, 2023 | APPROVAL OF SMEL EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN - 2023 FOR THE ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEES OF THE SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | September 21, 2023 | AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION IN THE SMEL EMPLOYEES STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN - 2023 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | September 21, 2023 | AUTHORIZATION UNDER SECTION 185 OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | September 21, 2023 | AUTHORIZATION UNDER SECTION 186 OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 | Extraordinary Transactions | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | September 21, 2023 | TO APPOINT A DIRECTOR IN PLACE OF MR. SANJAY KUMAR AGARWAL (DIN: 00232938) WHO RETIRES BY ROTATION IN TERMS OF SECTION 152(6) OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 AND BEING ELIGIBLE, OFFERS HIMSELF FOR RE-APPOINTMENT | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SHYAM METALICS AND ENERGY LTD. | January 11, 2024 | APPOINTMENT OF MR. SHEETIJ AGARWAL (DIN: 08212992), AS A DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SIEMENS LTD. | July 28, 2023 | APPOINTMENT OF DR. JUERGEN WAGNER (DIN: 10101116) AS A DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SILK ROAD MEDICAL INC. | June 18, 2024 | To approve, on an advisory basis, our executive compensation | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SILK ROAD MEDICAL INC. | June 18, 2024 | To elect eight directors to serve until our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders Donald J. Zurbay | Director Elections | Board | WITHHOLD | 1 | |
| SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORP. | April 23, 2024 | Election of Directors Steven A. Cosse | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SIMPLY GOOD FOODS CO. | January 18, 2024 | Election of the 12 director nominees Nomi P. Ghez | Director Elections | Board | WITHHOLD | 1 | |
| SINCLAIR INC. | June 11, 2024 | Approval, by non-binding advisory vote, on our executive compensation | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINGAPORE AIRLINES LTD. | July 27, 2023 | RE-ELECTION OF DIRECTOR IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 91: MR LEE KIM SHIN | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINOFERT HOLDINGS LTD. | December 21, 2023 | TO APPROVE THE CNSG AGREEMENT (AS DEFINED AND DESCRIBED IN THE CIRCULAR TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE COMPANY DATED 6 DECEMBER 2023), THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED THEREUNDER AND ASSOCIATED MATTERS | Extraordinary Transactions | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINOFERT HOLDINGS LTD. | December 21, 2023 | TO APPROVE THE DEPOSIT SERVICES UNDER THE FINANCIAL SERVICES FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (AS REVISED AND RENEWED BY THE SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT) (AS DEFINED AND DESCRIBED IN THE CIRCULAR TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE COMPANY DATED 6 DECEMBER 2023), THE MAXIMUM DAILY OUTSTANDING BALANCE OF THE DEPOSIT SERVICES AND ASSOCIATED MATTERS | Extraordinary Transactions | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINOFERT HOLDINGS LTD. | December 21, 2023 | TO APPROVE THE NEW SINOCHEM AGRICULTURE AGREEMENT (AS DEFINED AND DESCRIBED IN THE CIRCULAR TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE COMPANY DATED 6 DECEMBER 2023), THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED THEREUNDER AND ASSOCIATED MATTERS | Extraordinary Transactions | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINOFERT HOLDINGS LTD. | June 7, 2024 | TO EXTEND THE GENERAL MANDATE TO THE DIRECTORS TO ALLOT, ISSUE AND DEAL WITH ORDINARY SHARES OF THE COMPANY BY THE NUMBER OF ORDINARY SHARES BOUGHT BACK | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINOFERT HOLDINGS LTD. | June 7, 2024 | TO GRANT TO THE DIRECTORS A GENERAL MANDATE TO ALLOT, ISSUE AND DEAL WITH ORDINARY SHARES OF THE COMPANY | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SINOPEC ENGINEERING (GROUP) CO LTD. | May 10, 2024 | TO CONSIDER AND APPROVE THE CAP FOR THE AMOUNT OF PARENT GUARANTEE FOR THE YEAR 2024 | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SIRIUSPOINT LTD. | May 20, 2024 | Election of Directors( Class II) Mehdi A. Mahmud | Director Elections | Board | WITHHOLD | 1 | |
| SITIME CORP. | May 30, 2024 | Election of Directors Dr. Edward H. Frank | Director Elections | Board | WITHHOLD | 1 | |
| SITIME CORP. | May 30, 2024 | To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of SiTime's named executive officers as disclosed in SiTime's proxy statement | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SITIO ROYALTIES CORP. | May 14, 2024 | Election of Directors John R. ("J.R.") Sult | Director Elections | Board | WITHHOLD | 1 | |
| SITRONIX TECHNOLOGY CORP. | June 20, 2024 | THE ELECTION OF THE DIRECTOR:SILICON POWER COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS INC.,SHAREHOLDER NO.00061339 | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SITRONIX TECHNOLOGY CORP. | June 20, 2024 | THE ELECTION OF THE INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR:CHENG-CHIEH DAI,SHAREHOLDER NO.00042917 | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKANDINAVISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN AB | March 19, 2024 | GUIDELINES FOR SALARY AND OTHER REMUNERATION FOR THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE GROUP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2024 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT FOR 2023, AND PROPOSAL FOR GUIDELINES FOR SALARY AND OTHER REMUNERATION FOR THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE GROUP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR 2024 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKANDINAVISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN AB | March 19, 2024 | MARCUS WALLENBERG ELECTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNTIL THE END OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 2025 | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKANDINAVISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN AB | March 19, 2024 | REMUNERATION REPORT 2023 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT FOR 2023, AND PROPOSAL FOR GUIDELINES FOR SALARY AND OTHER REMUNERATION FOR THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE GROUP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR 2024 | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKANDINAVISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN AB | March 19, 2024 | SEB SHARE DEFERRAL PROGRAMME 2024 (SDP) FOR THE GROUP EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PROPOSAL ON LONG-TERM EQUITY PROGRAMMES FOR 2024 | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKECHERS U.S.A. INC. | May 23, 2024 | Election of Directors: Morton Erlich | Director Elections | Board | ABSTAIN | 1 | |
| SKECHERS U.S.A. INC. | May 23, 2024 | Stockholder proposal requesting our company to publicly disclose a timeline for meeting and disclosing our value chain emissions | Environment or Climate | Shareholder | Against | FOR | 1 |
| SKISTAR AB | December 9, 2023 | APPROVE REMUNERATION POLICY AND OTHER TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKISTAR AB | December 9, 2023 | REELECT ANDERS SUNDSTROM AS DIRECTOR | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKISTAR AB | December 9, 2023 | REELECT VEGARD SORAUNET AS DIRECTOR | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYMARK AIRLINES INC. | June 26, 2024 | Appoint a Director Hora, Hayao | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYMARK AIRLINES INC. | June 26, 2024 | Appoint a Director Motohashi, Manabu | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYMARK AIRLINES INC. | June 26, 2024 | Approve Details of the Restricted-Stock Compensation to be received by Directors | Compensation | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYWORTH GROUP LTD. | May 24, 2024 | SUBJECT TO THE PASSING OF RESOLUTION NOS. 6 AND 7, TO AUTHORISE THE DIRECTORS TO ISSUE ADDITIONAL SHARES REPURCHASED BY THE COMPANY | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYWORTH GROUP LTD. | May 24, 2024 | TO GRANT A GENERAL MANDATE TO THE DIRECTORS TO ALLOT, ISSUE AND DEAL WITH ADDITIONAL SHARES OF THE COMPANY | Capital Structure | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYWORTH GROUP LTD. | May 24, 2024 | TO RE-APPOINT MESSRS. DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU AS AUDITORS AND TO AUTHORISE THE BOARD TO FIX THEIR REMUNERATION | Audit-related | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SKYWORTH GROUP LTD. | May 24, 2024 | TO RE-ELECT MR. LI WEIBIN AS A DIRECTOR | Director Elections | Board | AGAINST | 1 | |
| SMA SOLAR TECHNOLOGY AG | May 28, 2024 | APPROVE REMUNERATION REPORT | Say-on-Pay | Board | AGAINST | 1 |
← Previous Page 24 of 29 Next →
← Back to WILSHIRE MUTUAL FUNDS INC 2023-2024 overview
Built November 1, 2026 from SEC Form N-PX filings.